The Geopolitical Transformation of Energy and Its Implications for Political Stability in the Arabian Gulf Region

Abstract

In the past two decades, the international system has witnessed profound geopolitical transformations in which energy has emerged as a central driver reshaping global strategic dynamics. The Arabian Gulf occupies a pivotal position within these shifts due to its vast hydrocarbon reserves and its strategic location along major global trade and energy routes.

This research examines the impact of the geopolitical transformation of energy on political stability in the Gulf region by analyzing global energy market trends, the intensifying competition among major powers, and the ongoing transition toward renewable energy sources. The study also explores how Gulf states strategically utilize their energy resources to enhance their international influence, strengthen regional balances, and maintain internal stability.

The findings indicate that energy has evolved from merely an economic commodity into a political and geopolitical instrument enabling Gulf states to reinforce their negotiation power within frameworks such as OPEC+, and to recalibrate their security and economic alliances. Furthermore, the global shift toward energy diversification poses challenges for Gulf economies in terms of resilience, yet simultaneously offers opportunities to develop more sustainable and adaptive development models suited to the emerging international order.